Roberto Henry Ebelt
20/09/2013 | Air conditioning for automobiles.
Terminamos o último artigo falando de algumas maravilhas tecnológicas que transformaram carroças motorizadas em automóveis extremamente confortáveis, tais como Automatic Transmission and Power Steering. Como o moderno sistema de refrigeração de ar foi inventado por outro gênio americano do fim do século 19, a saber, Willis Haviland Carrier, sempre imaginei que air conditioning systems for automobiles tivessem sido desenvolvido antes da automatic transmission, mas não foi assim.
Willis Haviland Carrier (November 26, 1876 – October 7, 1950) was an American engineer, best known for inventing modern air conditioning.
Para que os princípios de funcionamento de um sistema de ar condicionado pudessem ser transferidos para um aparelho capaz de refrigerar um dos lugares mais quentes do mundo, o interior de um automóvel, preto de preferência, depois de ficar exposto por algumas horas sob um sol tropical escaldante, como temos na maior parte do Brasil e no Sul e Sudoeste americano, foi necessário percorrer um longo caminho. O primeiro carro com ar condicionado foi lançado pela falecida PACKARD MOTOR CAR COMPANY em 1939:
The Packard Motor Car Company was the first automobile manufacturer to offer an air conditioning unit into its cars, beginning in 1939. These air conditioners were manufactured by Bishop and Babcock Co, of Cleveland Ohio. The "Bishop and Babcock Weather Conditioner" also incorporated a heater. Cars ordered with the new "Weather Conditioner" were shipped from Packard's East Grand Boulevard facility to the B&B factory where the conversion was performed. Once complete, the car was shipped to a local dealer where the customer would take delivery.
There were many reasons why this early air conditioner unit was unsuccessful:
- The main evaporator and blower system took up half of the trunk space. (This problem would go away as trunks became larger in the post-war period.)
- The system was less efficient than those that would follow in the post-war years.
- It had no temperature thermostat or shut-off mechanism other than switching the blower off. (Cold air would still enter the car with any movement as the drive belt was continuously connected to the compressor--later systems would use electrically operated clutches (= embreagens) to remedy this problem.)
- The several feet (= plural de foot – pé – medida equivalente a 30,48 cm) of plumbing (=encanamento ou sistema de canos) going back and forth between the engine compartment and trunk (= porta malas de automóvel) proved unreliable in service.
- Finally, the biggest reason this early system failed was that it cost US $274.00 (equivalent to about US$4,600 in 2013) an enormous amount of money in post-depression/pre-war America.
Packard fully warranted and supported this conversion, and marketed it well. However, given the limitations above, it was unsuccessful. Subsequently, the option was discontinued after 1941.
Descontinuado em 1941, os aparelhos de ar condicionado para automóveis só voltaram a ser uma opção para americanos (endinheirados) em 1953:
The 1953 Chrysler Imperial was the first production car in twelve years to actually have automobile air conditioning, following tentative experiments by Packard in 1940 and Cadillac in 1941. Walter P. Chrysler had seen to the invention of Airtemp air conditioning back in the 1930s for the Chrysler Building, and had ostensibly offered it on cars in 1941-42, and again in 1951-52, but none are known to have been sold in the latter form until the 1953 model year. In actually installing optional Airtemp air conditioning units to its Imperials in 1953, Chrysler beat Cadillac, Buick and Oldsmobile which added air conditioning as an option in the 1953 model year.
1953 Chrysler Imperial with factory trunk mounted "Airtemp". O evaporador, localizado na mala do carro, gelava o pescoço dos passageiros do banco traseiro. É possível ver a saída de ar frio através do vidro traseiro envolvente (wrap-around glass window).
Em 2013 estamos festejando:
- 60 anos da produção de automóveis com Factory Air Conditioning System (Chrysler 1953).
- 62 anos do lançamento do primeiro automóvel com Power Steering (Chrysler 1951)
- 73 anos do lançamento da Automatic Transmission (Oldsmobile 1940).
- 70 anos da morte prematura de Edsel Ford aos 49 anos (em 1943) de câncer no estômago provavelmente provocado por úlcera + brucelose contraída por tomar leite não pasteurizado produzido na fazenda de seu pai, Henry Ford.
- 100 anos do nascimento de Eiji Toyoda (12/09/1913).
O Sr. Toyoda, fundador da TMC (Toyota Motor Company), faleceu há poucos dias, mais precisamente em 17 de setembro de 2013.
Não esqueça: no século 21, quem não se comunica em inglês é considerado um analfabeto funcional.
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